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WASHINGTON (AP)
-- As Congress moves to slash $40 billion in spending, no program
will take a bigger hit than college loans, where almost $13 billion
would be cut over five years.
For
students, the upshot is mixed. Excessive government payments to
banks would be halted, freeing up some dollars for new grants, larger
loan limits and reduced loan fees.
But
overall, the student loan program would endure the largest cut in
its history, and most of the money would not be pumped back into
education. Instead, under a plan the House approved Monday, the
money would be counted only toward reducing the federal deficit.
"At
a time when the entire country believes we need to make higher education
more affordable, Congress is trying to balance the budget on the
backs of students," said Jasmine Harris, legislative director for
the United States Student Association.
Parents
who take out loans on behalf of their students would pay higher
interest rates. And other parts of the college package could indirectly
drive up costs for students, if banks pass on new expenses or offer
less attractive loans as their profit margin shrinks.
"You
don't want to say the news is all bad. It's a decidedly mixed bag,"
said Terry Hartle, senior vice president of the American Council
on Education, the largest coalition of colleges and higher education
groups in the nation.
"But
on balance, one comes to the conclusion that this is a sad step
in the history of the student loan program," Hartle said.
The
$12.7 billion in college cuts are part of an effort, led by conservative
Republican lawmakers, to show discipline with the public's money.
But Democrats say GOP leaders only want to pay for tax cuts, all
the while eroding the ability of parents to pay for college.
The
timing of Senate action was unclear. Colleges and university associations
scrambled Monday, urging the Senate to reject the bill as the Congress
tried to end its 2005 work.
Within
higher education, the single biggest cut appears to be in the profits
of lenders.
Under
current law, banks get to keep the excess money when the amounts
that students pay in interest exceed the rate of return that the
government has guaranteed. That would end. Lenders would have to
refund the difference to the government, meaning billions of dollars.
"We
were able to reduce spending through changes in the way lenders
operate," said Mike Enzi, R-Wyo., the chairman of the Senate education
committee. "But at the same time, we shielded the direct impact
to students, and actually increased student opportunities."
The
interest rate for parent loans would increase to a fixed rate of
8.5 percent in July. It is now a variable rate and had been set
to move to a fixed rate of 7.9 percent.
Meanwhile,
the interest on students loans would also move to a fixed rate of
6.8 percent in July, up from its current variable rate of 4.7 percent.
But that change was already set to happen under law, and the deficit-reduction
bill does not alter that plan. Student groups tend to support a
fixed rate as a protection against unstable, rising interest rates.
Loan
limits would increase from $2,625 to $3,500 for first-year students,
and from $3,500 to $4,500 for second-year students. The total borrowing
limit allowed for undergraduates would remain at $23,000. Lawmakers
aimed for a compromise of letting students borrow more at the start
of college, reflecting current needs, without sanctioning a bigger
overall debt.
The
bill would offer grants to poorer, high-achieving students in the
first two years of college and older undergraduates studying math,
science or high-demand foreign languages.
John
Boehner, R-Ohio, the chairman of the House education committee,
said the bill "offers significant new benefits to students pursuing
a college education."
But
critics said the size of those benefits doesn't come close to offsetting
the cuts.
Said
Bob Shireman, director of The Institute for College Access and Success:
"Overall, there will be less money out there for helping students
pay for higher education. And it's not being returned to the system,
except in some small ways."
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